In Study 2, volunteer workers completed measures of autonomy orientation, work autonomy support and need satisfaction at work. In Study 1, college students reported their engagement in various prosocial activities, and completed measures of autonomy orientation, parental autonomy support, and general need satisfaction. Self-determination theory was used to derive a model in which autonomy orientation and autonomy support predicted satisfaction of three core psychological needs, which in turn led to engagement in prosocial activities. Two studies examined individual and environmental forces that affect engagement in prosocial behavior. Implications for our understanding narrative, language, and culture within the context of new language analytic methods are discussed. Whereas most research has been conducted with English-speaking samples, new analytic methods suggest that many of the language findings can be exported to other languages and cultures. These language markers, however, are not strongly related to the quality of narrative.
For example, use of positive emotions, increasing use of causal and other cognitive words, and shifts in pronoun use are correlated with fewer physician visits.
Across multiple studies, linguistic features of essays have been empirically linked to health changes. Despite the writing-health relationship, there is scant evidence that expressive writing samples that are judged to be good narratives are themselves linked to health change. Scores of studies have demonstrated that writing about emotional upheavals can have salutary health effects. There is a culturally-held belief that good narratives are associated with good mental or physical health.
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